Knowing Who You Are?

So over the last 2 weeks while I was at Purdue's Campus (my second semester Sophomore year) I decided that I would look into my Heritage. It is important to me, because me being a person that only knows English (fluently) it would give me more of a motivation to learn more languages. My mothers side, is from Kentucky and that goes back to who knows when before it gets to the British Isles. My Dads side is easier to trace (kinda), his dads side is harder but he dads mothers mother's father was born in Alsace, Germany (France). It is a region on the border of France and Germany and I am not sure who controlled it then. My Dads mothers side goes straight to Finland with a side salad of Germany. My dads mother (Sarah Lehto) had parents that their parents were born in Finland. Her Father (Waino Arthur Lehto) both of his parents were born in finland. His parents were Vaino Lehto and Briita Alatalo. Vaino's parents were born in Finland and their names were Emanuel Lehto and Liisa Karilaniemi. Briita's parents were born in Finland also and their names were Abraham Palowaara and Amanda Alatalo. If we go back to Sarah's mother Sigrid Kutramo, here parents were born in finland. Her father was William Kurtamo and his parents are less know about i have his father being W. Kutamoinen and the mother as Wihlemiina. Her mother was Hilda Stenberg and her father was born in Germany and named John Stenberg her mother though was born in Finland and named Sofia Waati.

I love genealogy 1) because it lets me find out more about were I am from and 2) I get to see what countries, cultures and languages were in my past.

Hope you all can find out more about your ANcestory!

Нафаня

Insomnia

Well well well... you might be saying, it has been a while. I have been pretty good enjoying this semester as much as possible. Love my Russian class. Speaking of Russian, i get to lead my section of conversation class in our song that we are going to sing for the Russian clubs concert, Really looking forward to that! Spanish is going well, I have a test Wednesday, and a composition due on Friday then on Monday of next week we have an oral test. Phonetics is Great, I just sit there and absorb as much as i can :) WE have no final in that class, (i only have 3 finals total). Communications....(BLAH) i really do not enjoy the class, i was excited though that i got a 'B' on my last speech (YAY). Philosophy is not bad, the materiel is a bit dry but doing okay so far.

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Have really had insomnia the last few days (nasty i know). That is really why i am writing now, cause i am tired but so tired that i cannot sleep.

HMMMM I wonder could I translate this little post in to both spanish and russian....... LET'S SEE! (Well just spanish, my russian is not that good yet and i don't want to embarrass myself.)

~~~~ Español

Pues, se podría decir que no he escrito recientemente y es la verdad. Todos han sido normales y disfruto este semestre tanto como se puede. Me encanta la clase de rusa y también, conduciré una canción para el club de rusa. ¡¡Estoy emocionado!! Español es muy bien, tengo un examen en miércoles y una composición en viernes entonces en lunes de la próxima semana tengo un examen oral. Clase de fonética es muy bien, también. ¡Absorbo tanto como se puede, esta clase es fantástica! No tenemos un examen final en la clase de fonética y tengo solamente tres exámenes en total. La clase de comunicación, ¡Dios mío!, NO MEGUSTA. Quiero que mi profesora muera (espero que nadie lea esta sentencia). Yo recibí un B en mi oración. Filosofía no es mal, la material es aburrida.

‘’’’
He tenido insomnio durante los últimos dos días. Esto es por qué estoy escribiendo ahora porque estoy cansado pero estoy tan cansado que no puede dormir.

Well guys have a good nighT!!!

Нафаня!

The History of "You"

So I have been looking over the past few days about the evolution of the second person pronoun in indo-european languages. It is very interesting, the list below is just a few languages and their second person singular pronoun.

Russian - ты /tɨ/
Ukrainian - ти /tɪ/
Polish - ty /tɨ/
Sanskrit - tvam /tvɑm/
Hindi - तुम /t̪um/
French - tu /tu/
Spanish - tú /tu/
Italian - tu /tu/
Portuguese - tu /tu/
Latin - tu /tu/
A. Greek - σύ /su/
M. Greek - εσύ /ɛ(e)su/
German - du /du/
Dutch - jij /jeɪ/
M. English - you /ju/
Md. English - thou /θɑʊ/
O. English - þū /θu/
Romanian - tu /tu/
Swedish - du /du/
Norwegian - du /du/
Albanian - ti /ti/
Irish - tú /tu/
Welsh - ti /ti/
Hittite - zik /zik/ (in other cases Acc. /tuk/)

Very interesting (at least i think).

Two people have constructed proto-indo-european pronoun chart (remember we do not know what they actually are, these are just probable answers)
Beekes: *tuH - nominative
Sihler: *tī̆ (*tū̆) - nominative

Just something to think about :)

Nathan

one is Speaking the Silence/ можно Говорить Тишину

My head is been kinda empty the past few... well I don't know exactly how long... a while. I just know that I am restless here (Purdue). It is probably do to the fact that it is Spring semester and that it hardly has any breaks. I just don't feel at home anymore... (lol) not even in my own room. It is all the same... same buildings... same routine... sameness...! My roommate and I work out and exercise... that does not even help, the monotony, the stagnant waters of university. I love my Major, (russian and spanish included) It helps through the stagnant times. I love telling others about it, all the esh(es), ezh(es) and what not. All the genitive declensions, the "lisp" dialects, It is all great.

(one quick side note, I HATE MY COM. TA!!!! side not over)

I have long mondays and tuesdays, but the week gets better at the end, I will not have a good rest until....maybe a week after spring break....O well....LIFE is the word....

LOVE,

Нафаня

Language idk what number

Consonants:
Ññ - /ɲ/
Nn - /n/
Tt - /t/
Dd - /d/
Rr - /r/
Kk - /k/
Vv - /v/
Ff - /f/
Śś - /ʂ/
Źź - /ʐ/
Ss - /s/
Zz - /z/
Ll -/l/
Yy - /j/
Xx - /x/
j – marker of a soft final consonant if the consonant is voiced it stays as such if unvoiced stays as such.

Vowels:
Ii - /i/
Íí - /ɨ/
Îî - /ɪ/
Ee - /e/
Êê - /ɛ/
Aa - /æ/
Áá - /ɐ/
Uu - /u/
Oo - /ɔ/
Ëë - /jɛ/
Öö - /jo/
Üü - /ju/
Ää - /jɐ/

Diphthongs:
oi - /oi/
ai - /ɐi/

Phonology:
When a consonant cluster occurs (such as ‘vs’ )the voicing happens right to left so the instance ‘vs’ sounds like /fs/.
Palatalization occurs when one of the ë, ö, ü and ä follow a consonant. Ñ cannot be palatalized.
Consonant clusters can happen in up to 3.
á and í only occur after alveolar sounds (i.e. t, d, n, r, l, s, z)
Divoicement of the final voiced consonant occurs.

Nouns:
No gender with nouns.
Nouns end in consonants including ‘j’ and front vowels (i, e, a). (in nominative)
Cases:
Nominative –Subject
Genitive – Possessive ending
Prepositional – indirect object and object of prepositions
Accusative – Direct object

English Word	Nominative	Genitive	Prepositional	Accusative
Flower	füra	füraf	fürata	füralá
Cloud	volke	volkef	volketa	volkelá
King	roi	roif	roita	roilá
Sand	kum	kumof	kumta	kumlá
Swan	lávutj	lávutöf	lávutät	lávutölá

To make the plural just add –o after the case maker.
ex: I love the flowers – füraláo
In the nominative of the ‘j’ endings nouns to goes to ö not o, because the j and the o combine.

Pronouns:
They are irregular in ending for nominative they do not end in the normal endings in declension either.

English	Nominative	Genitive	Prepositional	Accusative
I	ako	akin	akin	akin
You (singular)	ti	ti	ter	te
He/she/it	ês	ixm	ixr	ês
We	êmes	mas	mas	mas
You (plural)	ön	meka	êd	nö
They	fer	fem	fem	fa

Adjectives:
Adjectival ending is -tíë
Adjectives also decline.

English Word	Nominative	Genitive	Prepositional	Accusative
Red	vêrmeltíë	Vêrmeltíëf	vêrmeltíët	Vêrmeltíër
Yellow	kolantíë	Kolantíëf	Kolantíët	Kolantíër
Green	zöldtíë	Zöldtíëf	Zöldtíët	Zöldtíër
Pink	vlekurtíë	Vlekurtíëf	Vlekurtíët	Vlekurtíër
White	vantíë	vantíëf	Vantíët	vantíër

Noun List:
Flower – füra
Cloud – volke
King - roi
Sand – kum
Swan – lávutj
House – nümba
Man – virs
Woman – sevete
Boy – êleve
Girl – file
Dog – kutśe
Cat – koria

Adjective List:
Red – vêrmeltíë
Yellow – kolantíë
Green – zöldtíë
Pink – vlekurtíë
White – vantíë
Blue – blátíë
Big – maxtíë
Small – pêtitíë
Tall – visoktíë
Short – krátíktíë
Good – zoëtíë
Bad – xalvtíë

Verbs:
Verb infinitives are -iñ, -eñ, -oñ
To form the present tense you add the nominative pronoun to the end of the verb.
ex: muniñ – to trust
I trust you = muniñako te
The king trusts her = roi muniñês ês

To form the past tense you add firs the past tense marker -iks then the nom. Of the pronoun.

Ex: I trusted you = muniñiksako te

To form the future you add the conjugated form of the to be verb plus the infinitive.
To be - vutiñ

vak	vas
vit	vnö
vês	ver

Ex: I will trust you = ako vak muniñ te

To form the conditional tense you add the past marker to the conjugated to be plus infinitive.
ex: I would trust you = ako vakiks muniñ te

Verb List:
To trust – muniñ
To hit – veteran
To call - zvanitoñ

more on my new language

Adjectives:
There are three types of adjective endings –ij, -ov, and , -mn
The –ij adjectives usually represent the physical description of a noun, like color, size, appearance etc
The –ov adjectives usually represent the the skill something has, adjectives like, quick, sneaky etc
The –mn adjectives are more abstract ideas dealing with like emotion such as hopeful, sad, happy etc.

Adjective Declension

Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative
-ij	Add -os	Same as nominative	Same as nominative
-ov	Add –os	Add -n	Sam as nominative
-mn	Add -os	Same as nominative	Sam as nominative

To make the adjective plural do the same as nouns exept ad a filler vowel “o” to the –k but the other cases get –ee. Adjectives can get the same particles added to them. The question particles must be attached to both but the emphatic particle does not have to be attached to both if you are just stressing the size of the thing then you attach it to the adjective
Example:

Big – Grobij
to the big men – et grobije* meesjunee
*in the dative and accusative of the –ij adjective the –ee ending is shortened before the –ijsw

Quick - Izlov
of the quick women – s izlovosee naniseek*
*the plural maker for any noun in any case that has a double vowel or ends in the same vowel as the –ee will be changed back to the –k plural ending.

Sad – xalomn
in the our sad trees – a xalomneeno drivoiceeno

Adverbs and To be:

Adverbs are formed from adjectives and all adverbs have the same ending and will always come before the verb. To form an andverb you must remeove the adjective ending and add –u

Quick – izlov à Quickly – izlu

To be - kje

The to be verb is omitted in the present. It is very irregular in all froms

No reduplication in any form:

Present – I am = Aaz kje
Past – I was = Aaz kjuru
Future – I will be = Aaz bii
Conditional – I would be = Aaz poo

Imperative – Be + adverb = Je izlu – be quick (quick like)

Examples!

Brown – nedij
Dog – anja
To run – Fuuge
Cat - gat

The brown dog ran away from your cat.
Nedij anja fufuugeuru uuna gatsiido.

The Brown cats ran away from you!
Nedijk gatk fufuugeuru uuna den!

The cats of the trees run away from the brown man of light.
Gatk drivsaee fufuuge uuna nedijos meesjus iliitse.

The big brown dog runs quickly away from our house.
Grobij nedij anja izlu fufuuge uuna mustosaano.