Consonants:
Ññ - /ɲ/
Nn - /n/
Tt - /t/
Dd - /d/
Rr - /r/
Kk - /k/
Vv - /v/
Ff - /f/
Śś - /ʂ/
Źź - /ʐ/
Ss - /s/
Zz - /z/
Ll -/l/
Yy - /j/
Xx - /x/
j – marker of a soft final consonant if the consonant is voiced it stays as such if unvoiced stays as such.
Vowels:
Ii - /i/
Íí - /ɨ/
Îî - /ɪ/
Ee - /e/
Êê - /ɛ/
Aa - /æ/
Áá - /ɐ/
Uu - /u/
Oo - /ɔ/
Ëë - /jɛ/
Öö - /jo/
Üü - /ju/
Ää - /jɐ/
Diphthongs:
oi - /oi/
ai - /ɐi/
Phonology:
When a consonant cluster occurs (such as ‘vs’ )the voicing happens right to left so the instance ‘vs’ sounds like /fs/.
Palatalization occurs when one of the ë, ö, ü and ä follow a consonant. Ñ cannot be palatalized.
Consonant clusters can happen in up to 3.
á and í only occur after alveolar sounds (i.e. t, d, n, r, l, s, z)
Divoicement of the final voiced consonant occurs.
Nouns:
No gender with nouns.
Nouns end in consonants including ‘j’ and front vowels (i, e, a). (in nominative)
Cases:
Nominative –Subject
Genitive – Possessive ending
Prepositional – indirect object and object of prepositions
Accusative – Direct object
English Word | Nominative | Genitive | Prepositional | Accusative |
Flower | füra | füraf | fürata | füralá |
Cloud | volke | volkef | volketa | volkelá |
King | roi | roif | roita | roilá |
Sand | kum | kumof | kumta | kumlá |
Swan | lávutj | lávutöf | lávutät | lávutölá |
To make the plural just add –o after the case maker.
ex: I love the flowers – füraláo
In the nominative of the ‘j’ endings nouns to goes to ö not o, because the j and the o combine.
Pronouns:
They are irregular in ending for nominative they do not end in the normal endings in declension either.
English | Nominative | Genitive | Prepositional | Accusative |
I | ako | akin | akin | akin |
You (singular) | ti | ti | ter | te |
He/she/it | ês | ixm | ixr | ês |
We | êmes | mas | mas | mas |
You (plural) | ön | meka | êd | nö |
They | fer | fem | fem | fa |
Adjectives:
Adjectival ending is -tíë
Adjectives also decline.
English Word | Nominative | Genitive | Prepositional | Accusative |
Red | vêrmeltíë | Vêrmeltíëf | vêrmeltíët | Vêrmeltíër |
Yellow | kolantíë | Kolantíëf | Kolantíët | Kolantíër |
Green | zöldtíë | Zöldtíëf | Zöldtíët | Zöldtíër |
Pink | vlekurtíë | Vlekurtíëf | Vlekurtíët | Vlekurtíër |
White | vantíë | vantíëf | Vantíët | vantíër |
Noun List:
Flower – füra
Cloud – volke
King - roi
Sand – kum
Swan – lávutj
House – nümba
Man – virs
Woman – sevete
Boy – êleve
Girl – file
Dog – kutśe
Cat – koria
Adjective List:
Red – vêrmeltíë
Yellow – kolantíë
Green – zöldtíë
Pink – vlekurtíë
White – vantíë
Blue – blátíë
Big – maxtíë
Small – pêtitíë
Tall – visoktíë
Short – krátíktíë
Good – zoëtíë
Bad – xalvtíë
Verbs:
Verb infinitives are -iñ, -eñ, -oñ
To form the present tense you add the nominative pronoun to the end of the verb.
ex: muniñ – to trust
I trust you = muniñako te
The king trusts her = roi muniñês ês
To form the past tense you add firs the past tense marker -iks then the nom. Of the pronoun.
Ex: I trusted you = muniñiksako te
To form the future you add the conjugated form of the to be verb plus the infinitive.
To be - vutiñ
vak | vas |
vit | vnö |
vês | ver |
Ex: I will trust you = ako vak muniñ te
To form the conditional tense you add the past marker to the conjugated to be plus infinitive.
ex: I would trust you = ako vakiks muniñ te
Verb List:
To trust – muniñ
To hit – veteran
To call - zvanitoñ
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